5. Chae JM. Key issues and research direction of the psychological researches for the young North Korean defectors. Kor J Cult Soc Issues 2016;22:675-693.
6. Han M. A Study on Education Status of North Korean refugee students and Support Plan [in Korean]. Seoul: Korean Educational Development Institute; 2009.
7. Baek HJ, Kil EB, Yoon IJ, Lee YR. A study on psychological adaptation of North Korean adolescent refugees in South Korea. Stud Korean Youth 2007;18:183-211.
9. Park S, Lee M, Park SJ, Lee MG. Health risk behaviors and psychological problems among South Korean, North Korean, and other multicultural family adolescents (2011-2016). Psychiatry Res 2018;268:373-380.
13. Lee YJ, Jun JY, Lee YJ, Park J, Kim S, Lee SH, et al. Insomnia in North Korean refugees: Association with depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Psychiatry Investig 2016;13:67-73.
14. Kim HK, Shin HK. A comparison of the mental health problems of North Korean adolescent defectors and South Korean adolescents: focused on gender and age. Korean J Woman Psychol 2015;20:347-367.
15. Yang KM, Hwang ST. An initial study into the psychological adaptation of North Korean refugee adolescents in the first stages of their transition to life in South Korea. Stud Korean Youth 2008;19:333-358.
16. Lee IS, Park HR, Kim YS, Park HJ. Physical and psychological health status of North Korean defector children. Child Health Nurs Res 2011;17:256-263.
17. Stautz K, Cooper A. Impulsivity-related personality traits and adolescent alcohol use: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2013;33:574-592.
18. Kale D, Stautz K, Cooper A. Impulsivity related personality traits and cigarette smoking in adults: a meta-analysis using the UPPS-P model of impulsivity and reward sensitivity. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018;185:149-167.
20. Korea Internet & Security Agency. Survey on Internet use in 2018. Seoul: Korea Internet & Security Agency; 2018.
21. Ha J, Yoo H, Cho I, Chin B, Shin D, Kim J. Psychiatric comorbidity assessed in Korean children and adolescents who screen positive for Internet addiction. J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67:821-826.
22. Park S, Lee Y. Associations of body weight perception and weight control behaviors with problematic internet use among Korean adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2017;251:275-280.
23. Park S, Hong KE, Park EJ, Ha KS, Yoo HJ. The association between problematic internet use and depression, suicidal ideation and bipolar disorder symptoms in Korean adolescents. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2013;47:153-159.
25. Park S, Lee Y, Jun JY. Differences in the relationship between traumatic experiences, self-esteem, negative cognition, and Internet addiction symptoms among North Korean adolescent defectors and South Korean adolescents: a preliminary study. Psychiatry Res 2017;257:381-385.
26. Dalbudak E, Evren C, Topcu M, Aldemir S, Coskun KS, Bozkurt M, et al. Relationship of Internet addiction with impulsivity and severity of psychopathology among Turkish university students. Psychiatry Res 2013;210:1086-1091.
27. Park SM, Park YA, Lee HW, Jung HY, Lee JY, Choi JS. The effects of behavioral inhibition/approach system as predictors of Internet addiction in adolescents. Pers Individ Diff 2013;54:7-11.
28. Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD, Karila L, Billieux J. Internet addiction: a systematic review of epidemiological research for the last decade. Curr Pharmaceut Design 2014;20:4026-4052.
30. Duke NN, Pettingell SL, McMorris BJ, Borowsky IW. Adolescent violence perpetration: associations with multiple types of adverse childhood experiences. Pediatrics 2010;125:e778-e786.
31. Park SH. A study on the North Korean Youth Policy [In Korean]. Stud Korean Youth 1991;114-138.
32. Steinberg L, Sharp C, Stanford MS, Tharp AT. New tricks for an old measure: the development of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Brief (BIS-Brief). Psychol Assess 2013;25:216-226.
33. Heo SY, Oh JY, Kim JH. The Korean version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version: its reliability and validity. Korean J Psychol Gen 2012;31:769-782.
35. Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Am J Prevent Med 1998;14:245-258.
36. Curran PJ, Bollen KA. The Best of Both Worlds: Combining Autoregressive and Latent Curve Models. In: Collins LM, Sayer AG, editor. New Methods for the Analysis of Change. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2001, p. 107-135.
38. Noh JW, Yun HY, Park H, Yu SE. A study of predictive factors affecting health: promoting behaviors of North Korean adolescent refugees. J Prevent Med Public Health 2015;48:231-238.
40. Kwon YG, Song NW. A study on the influence of internet game addiction on the anger regulation of children. J Korean Soc Comput Game 2009;35-44.
41. Dong G, Zhou H, Zhao X. Male Internet addicts show impaired executive control ability: Evidence from a color-word Stroop task. Neurosci Lett 2011;499:114-118.
42. Dong G, Lu Q, Zhou H, Zhao X. Impulse inhibition in people with Internet addiction disorder: electrophysiological evidence from a Go/ NoGo study. Neurosci Lett 2010;485:138-142.
43. Mottram AJ, Fleming MJ. Extraversion, impulsivity, and online group membership as predictors of problematic internet use. CyberPsychol Behav 2009;12:319-321.
44. Odell PM, Korgen KO, Schumacher P, Delucchi M. Internet use among female and male college students. CyberPsychol Behav 2000;3:855-862.
45. Marino C, Gini G, Vieno A, Spada MM. A comprehensive meta-analysis on problematic Facebook use. Comput Human Behav 2018;83:262-277.
46. Marino C, Gini G, Vieno A, Spada MM. The associations between problematic Facebook use, psychological distress and well-being among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2018;226:274-281.
47. Leitenberg H, Gibson LE, Novy PL. Individual differences among undergraduate women in methods of coping with stressful events: the impact of cumulative childhood stressors and abuse. Child Abuse Neglect 2004;28:181-192.
48. Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Edwards VJ, Croft JB. Adverse childhood experiences and personal alcohol abuse as an adult. Addict Behav 2002;27:713-725.
49. Wright MO, Crawford E, Del Castillo D. Childhood emotional maltreatment and later psychological distress among college students: the mediating role of maladaptive schemas. Child Abuse Neglect 2009;33:59-68.
51. Chen SK, Lo MT, Lin SSJ. Impulsivity as a precedent factor for problematic Internet use: How can we be sure? Int J Psychol 2017;52:389-397.
52. Lee SY, Lee HK, Choo H. Typology of Internet gaming disorder and its clinical implications. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017;71:479-491.
53. Klonsky ED, May A. Rethinking impulsivity in suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2010;40:612-619.