Variables | Normal (N=2,448) | Hazard (N=350) | Problem (N=108) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 39.7a±0.2 | 38.4b±0.4 | 37.8b±0.6 | 0.000 |
Smoking status, N (%) | 0.000 | |||
Nonsmoker | 2,225 (89.9) | 230 (63.2) | 55 (48.7) | |
Ex-smoker | 135 (6.1) | 53 (13.3) | 15 (14.3) | |
Current smoker | 88 (4) | 67 (23.5) | 38 (37) | |
Physical activity, N (%)* | 0.170 | |||
Yes | 181 (7.2) | 26 (7.9) | 12 (12.9) | |
No | 2,267 (92.8) | 324 (92.1) | 96 (87.1) | |
Marital status, N (%) | 0.000 | |||
Unmarried | 155 (7) | 46 (11.9) | 20 (16.5) | |
Married | 2,293 (93) | 304 (88.1) | 88 (83.5) | |
Household income, N (%) | 0.053 | |||
Low | 138 (7.4) | 25 (8.7) | 12 (12.4) | |
Middle | 1,457 (61.2) | 223 (66.3) | 68 (64) | |
High | 852 (31.4) | 102 (25) | 28 (23.7) | |
Education level, N (%) | 0.000 | |||
< College | 1,221 (54.5) | 221 (69.8) | 70 (67.9) | |
≥College | 1,227 (45.5) | 129 (30.2) | 38 (32.1) | |
Waist circumference (cm) | 76.09a±0.3 | 76.87a±0.6 | 80.49b±1.1 | 0.000 |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 91.88±0.4 | 94.87±1.8 | 97.30±3.1 | 0.062 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 109.35a±0.4 | 111.25b±0.8 | 115.72b±1.5 | 0.000 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 72.48a±0.2 | 74.60b±0.7 | 76.86b±1 | 0.000 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 96.39a±1.7 | 129.95ab±17.7 | 137.74b±10.4 | 0.000 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 55.52a±0.3 | 60.74b±1.1 | 62.22b±1.8 | 0.000 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.97a±0.1 | 23.11a±0.2 | 24.17b±0.5 | 0.033 |
Variables | Normal (N=2,448) | Hazard (N=350) | Problem (N=108) |
---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Large WC | |||
Unadjusted | 1 | 1.336 (0.932–1.917) | 2.756 (1.704–4.459)*** |
Model 1† | 1 | 1.226 (0.831–1.910) | 2.373 (1.385–4.065)** |
Model 2‡ | 1 | 1.122 (0.752–1.674) | 2.263 (1.294–3.957)** |
High FBG level | |||
Unadjusted | 1 | 1.617 (1.127–2.320)** | 2.541 (1.505–4.292)*** |
Model 1† | 1 | 1.849 (1.280–2.672)** | 3.143 (1.790–5.526)*** |
Model 2‡ | 1 | 1.790 (1.238–2.590)** | 3.034 (1.721–5.348)*** |
High BP | |||
Unadjusted | 1 | 1.463 (0.955–2.241) | 2.685 (1.602–4.500)*** |
Model 1† | 1 | 1.724 (1.082–2.745)* | 3.479 (1.968–6.149)*** |
Model 2‡ | 1 | 1.656 (1.037–2.645)* | 3.377 (1.871–6.095)*** |
High TG level | |||
Unadjusted | 1 | 1.519 (1.047–2.202)* | 3.612 (2.139–6.097)*** |
Model 1† | 1 | 1.418 (0.963–2.089) | 3.334 (1.847–6.019)*** |
Model 2‡ | 1 | 1.363 (0.921–2.016) | 3.204 (1.800–5.702)*** |
Low HDL-C level | |||
Unadjusted | 1 | 0.765 (0.567–1.033) | 0.605 (0.344–1.065) |
Model 1† | 1 | 0.727 (0.525–1.007) | 0.555 (0.312–0.986)* |
Model 2‡ | 1 | 0.703 (0.503–0.983)* | 0.534 (0.299–0.954)* |
Metabolic syndrome | |||
Unadjusted | 1 | 1.509 (0.993–2.294) | 2.996 (1.734–5.177)*** |
Model 1† | 1 | 1.515 (0.961–2.387) | 3.069 (1.636–5.758)*** |
Model 2‡ | 1 | 1.416 (0.889–2.255) | 2.877 (1.523–5.435)** |
Values are presented as unadjusted and adjusted ORs (95% CI) for metabolic syndrome [defined as ≥3 of the following: large WC (≥85 cm), high FBG level (≥100 mg/dL), high BP (systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥85 mm Hg), high TG level (≥150 mg/dL), and low HDL-C level (<50 mg/dL)].
† statistical analysis by logistic regression with adjustment for age, smoking status and physical activity,