1. Citrome L, Reist C, Palmer L, Montejano L, Lenhart G, Cuffel B, et al. Dose trends for second-generation antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res 2009;108:238–244. PMID:
19106035.
2. Citrome L, Jaffe A, Levine J. Dosing of second-generation antipsychotic medication in a state hospital system. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005;25:388–391. PMID:
16012286.
3. Seeger TF, Seymour PA, Schmidt AW, Zorn SH, Schulz DW, Lebel LA, et al. Ziprasidone (CP-88,059): a new antipsychotic with combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995;275:101–113. PMID:
7562537.
4. Keck PE Jr, Versiani M, Potkin S, West SA, Giller E, Ice K, et al. Ziprasidone in the treatment of acute bipolar mania: a three-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:741–748. PMID:
12668364.
5. Potkin SG, Keck PE Jr, Segal S, Ice K, English P. Ziprasidone in acute bipolar mania: a 21-day randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled replication trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2005;25:301–310. PMID:
16012271.
7. Murray S, Siu CO, Romano SJ. Optimal dosing of oral ziprasidone: clinical trial data. Presented at the 54th Annual Meeting of the Institute on Psychiatric Services. Boston, MA, Oct 29-Nov 2, 2003.
8. Nemeroff CB, Lieberman JA, Weiden PJ, Harvey PD, Newcomer JW, Schatzberg AF, et al. From clinical research to clinical practice: a 4-year review of ziprasidone. CNS Spectr 2005;10(11 Suppl 17):1–20. PMID:
16381088.
9. Keck PE Jr, Reeves KR, Harrigan EP. Ziprasidone Study Group. Ziprasidone in the short-term treatment of patients with schizoaffective disorder: results from two double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001;21:27–35. PMID:
11199944.
10. Murray S, Mandel FS, Loebel A. Optimal initial dosing of ziprasidone: clinical trial data. Presented at the 157th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. New York, NY, May 1-6, 2004.
11. Chong MY, Tan CH, Fujii S, Yang SY, Ungvari GS, Si T, et al. Antipsychotic drug prescription for schizophrenia in East Asia: rationale for change. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2004;58:61–67. PMID:
14678459.
12. Lin KM, Finder E. Neuroleptic dosage for Asians. Am J Psychiatry 1983;140:490–491. PMID:
6132560.
13. Chiu H, Lee S, Leung CM, Wing YK. Neuroleptic prescription for Chinese schizophrenics in Hong Kong. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1992;26:262–264. PMID:
1353673.
14. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. 1994,Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
15. Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, Meyer DA. A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry 1978;133:429–435. PMID:
728692.
16. Hamilton M. Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 1967;6:278–296. PMID:
6080235.
17. Overall JE, Gorham DR. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychol Rep 1962;10:799–812.
18. Guy W. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology, Revised. 1976,Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Mental Health.
19. Simpson GM, Angus JW. A rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1970;212:11–19. PMID:
4917967.
20. Joyce AT, Harrison DJ, Loebel AD, Carter CT, Ollendorf DA. Effect of initial ziprasidone dose on length of therapy in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2006;83:285–292. PMID:
16545543.
21. Addington DEN, Pantelis C, Dineen M, Benattia I, Romano SJ. Efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone versus risperidone in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: an 8-week, double-blind, multicenter trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:1624–1633. PMID:
15641867.
22. Tohen M, Chengappa KN, Suppes T, Baker RW, Zarate CA, Bowden CL, et al. Relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder: 18-month comparison of olanzapine plus mood stabiliser v. mood stabiliser alone. Br J Psychiatry 2004;184:337–345. PMID:
15056579.
23. Tohen M, Frank E, Bowden CL, Colom F, Ghaemi SN, Yatham LN, et al. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Task Force report on the nomenclature of course and outcome in bipolar disorders. Bipolar Disord 2009;11:453–473. PMID:
19624385.
24. Smith LA, Cornelius V, Warnock A, Tacchi MJ, Taylor D. Acute bipolar mania: a systematic review and meta-analysis of co-therapy vs. monotherapy. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2007;115:12–20. PMID:
17201861.
25. Tohen M, Chengappa KN, Suppes T, Zarate CA Jr, Calabrese JR, Bowden CL, et al. Efficacy of olanzapine in combination with valproate or lithium in the treatment of mania in patients partially nonresponsive to valproate or lithium monotherapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:62–69. PMID:
11779284.
26. Sachs GS, Grossman F, Ghaemi SN, Okamoto A, Bowden CL. Combination of a mood stabilizer with risperidone or haloperidol for treatment of acute mania: a double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of efficacy and safety. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:1146–1154. PMID:
12091192.
27. Kim B, Kim SJ, Son JI, Joo YH. Weight change in the acute treatment of bipolar I disorder: a naturalistic observational study of psychiatric inpatients. J Affect Disord 2008;105:45–52. PMID:
17498812.
28. Yatham LN, Paulsson B, Mullen J, Vågerö AM. Quetiapine versus placebo in combination with lithium or divalproex for the treatment of bipolar mania. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004;24:599–606. PMID:
15538120.
29. Fagiolini A, Kupfer DJ, Houck PR, Novick DM, Frank E. Obesity as a correlate of outcome in patients with bipolar I disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:112–117. PMID:
12505809.
30. Hennen J, Perlis RH, Sachs G, Tohen M, Baldessarini RJ. Weight gain during treatment of bipolar I patients with olanzapine. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:1679–1687. PMID:
15641874.
31. Casey DE. Metabolic issues and cardiovascular disease in patients with psychiatric disorders. Am J Med 2005;118(Suppl 2):15S–22S. PMID:
15903291.
32. Allison DB, Mentore JL, Heo M, Chandler LP, Cappelleri JC, Infante MC, et al. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:1686–1696. PMID:
10553730.
33. Casey DE, Haupt DW, Newcomer JW, Henderson DC, Sernyak MJ, Davidson M, et al. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic abnormalities: implications for increased mortality in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65(suppl 7):4–18. PMID:
15151456.
34. Physician's Desk Reference. 2004,58th Edition. Montvale, NJ: Thompson PDR.
35. Frackiewicz EJ, Sramek JJ, Herrera JM, Kurtz NM, Cutler NR. Ethnicity and antipsychotic response. Ann Pharmacother 1997;31:1360–1369. PMID:
9391692.