Availability of Data and Material
The datasets analyzed during the study are not publicly available due to restrictions from the NEDIS policy but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The datasets analyzed during the current study are available in the MDIS website [https://doi.org/10.23333/P.101054.001].
Conflicts of Interest
Seng Chan You reports being a chief executive officer of PHI Digital Healthcare; and receiving grants from DaiichiSankyo. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: Subin Kim, Min Ho An, Seng Chan You. Data curation: Subin Kim, Min Ho An, Yunjung Heo, Seng Chan You. Formal analysis: Subin Kim, Min Ho An. Investigation: Subin Kim, Min Ho An, Dong Yun Lee, Min-Gyu Kim, Gyubeom Hwang, Seng Chan You. Methodology: Subin Kim, Min Ho An, Seng Chan You. Project administration: Yunjung Heo, Seng Chan You. Resources: Subin Kim, Min Ho An, Yunjung Heo, Seng Chan You. Software: Subin Kim, Min Ho An. Supervision: Yunjung Heo, Seng Chan You. Validation: Subin Kim, Min Ho An, Seng Chan You. Visualization: Subin Kim. Writing—original draft: Subin Kim, Min Ho An, Seng Chan You. Writing—review & editing: all authors.
Funding Statement
None
2016 (N=25,567) | 2017 (N=26,831) | 2018 (N=31,780) | 2019 (N=34,610) | 2020 (N=33,287) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incidence rates per 100,000 person–years* | 52.8 (52.2–53.5) | 55.2 (54.5–55.9) | 65.1 (64.4–65.8) | 70.7 (69.9–71.4) | 67.7 (67.0–68.5) |
Sex (female) | 13,956 (54.6) | 15,001 (55.9) | 18,095 (56.9) | 20,248 (58.5) | 20,584 (61.8) |
Age (yr) | 42.3±18.1 | 41.5±18.3 | 40.4±18.8 | 39.8±18.6 | 38.5±18.6 |
Type of insurance | |||||
NHI | 19,509 (76.3) | 20,770 (77.4) | 25,032 (78.8) | 27,906 (80.6) | 2,7430 (82.4) |
Medical aid | 2,355 (9.2) | 2,596 (9.7) | 3,158 (9.9) | 3,385 (9.8) | 3,133 (9.4) |
Self-pay | 3,465 (13.6) | 3,219 (12.0) | 3,399 (10.7) | 3,120 (9.0) | 2,564 (7.7) |
Others | 168 (0.7) | 186 (0.7) | 177 (0.6) | 182 (0.5) | 119 (0.4) |
Unknown | 70 (0.3) | 60 (0.2) | 14 (0.04) | 17 (0.05) | 41 (0.1) |
Mechanisms of injury | |||||
Traffic accident | 79 (0.3) | 78 (0.3) | 100 (0.3) | 68 (0.2) | 72 (0.2) |
Fall | 479 (1.9) | 501 (1.9) | 580 (1.8) | 605 (1.7) | 594 (1.8) |
Struck | 1,210 (4.7) | 1,183 (4.4) | 1,327 (4.2) | 1,403 (4.1) | 1,174 (3.5) |
Laceration/stabbing | 6,189 (24.2) | 6,881 (25.6) | 8,086 (25.4) | 9,123 (26.4) | 9,543 (28.7) |
Drowning | 244 (1.0) | 275 (1.0) | 284 (0.9) | 321 (0.9) | 313 (0.9) |
Poisoning | 15,227 (59.6) | 15,609 (58.2) | 18,859 (59.3) | 20,443 (59.1) | 19,164 (57.6) |
Suffocation/hanging | 1,073 (4.2) | 1,166 (4.3) | 1,375 (4.3) | 1,473 (4.3) | 1,361 (4.1) |
Others | 987 (3.9) | 1,079 (4.0) | 1,118 (3.5) | 1,103 (3.2) | 956 (2.9) |
Unknown | 79 (0.3) | 59 (0.2) | 51 (0.2) | 71 (0.2) | 110 (0.3) |
Route of arrival | |||||
Direct | 22,510 (88.0) | 23,828 (88.8) | 28,527 (89.8) | 31,573 (91.2) | 31,112 (93.5) |
Transfer in | 3,005 (11.8) | 2,956 (11.0) | 3,182 (10.0) | 2,981 (8.6) | 2,084 (6.3) |
Referral from outpatient | 39 (0.2) | 35 (0.1) | 60 (0.2) | 53 (0.2) | 89 (0.3) |
Others | 9 (0.04) | 8 (0.03) | 9 (0.03) | 2 (0.01) | 2 (0.01) |
Unknown | 4 (0.02) | 4 (0.01) | 2 (0.01) | 1 (0.003) | 0 (0.0) |
Emergent symptom | |||||
Yes | 23,751 (92.9) | 24,964 (93.0) | 29,618 (93.2) | 32,077 (92.7) | 30,909 (92.9) |
No | 1,816 (7.1) | 1,867 (7.0) | 2,162 (6.8) | 2,533 (7.3) | 2,377 (7.1) |
Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.003) |
2016 (N=13,092) | 2017 (N=12,463) | 2018 (N=13,670) | 2019 (N=13,799) | 2020 (N=13,195) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incidence rates per 100,000 person–years* | 27.0 (26.6–27.5) | 25.6 (25.2–26.1) | 28.0 (27.5–28.5) | 28.2 (27.4–28.3) | 26.5 (26.1–27.0) |
Sex (female) | 3,849 (29.4) | 3,541 (28.4) | 3,808 (27.9) | 4,069 (29.5) | 4,102 (31.1) |
Age (yr) | 53.0±18.1 | 53.0±21.7 | 52.7±18.0 | 53.2±26.8 | 51.9±18.5 |
Occupation | |||||
Managers | 414 (3.2) | 407 (3.3) | 137 (1.0) | 122 (0.9) | 95 (0.7) |
Professionals and related | 677 (5.2) | 636 (5.1) | 550 (4.0) | 563 (4.1) | 636 (4.8) |
Clerks | 602 (4.6) | 581 (4.7) | 1,236 (9.0) | 1,242 (9.0) | 1,212 (9.2) |
Service and sales | 1,380 (10.5) | 1,304 (10.5) | 1,080 (7.9) | 1,112 (8.1) | 1,350 (10.2) |
Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery | 677 (5.2) | 628 (5.0) | 395 (2.9) | 382 (2.8) | 360 (2.7) |
Craft and related trades | 372 (2.8) | 318 (2.6) | 148 (1.1) | 118 (0.9) | 122 (0.9) |
Equipment, machine operating and assembling | 286 (2.2) | 273 (2.2) | 436 (3.2) | 415 (3.0) | 231 (1.8) |
Elementary | 824 (6.3) | 752 (6.0) | 1,268 (9.3) | 1,294 (9.4) | 1,136 (8.6) |
Unoccupied | 7,383 (56.4) | 6,704 (53.8) | 8,161 (59.7) | 8,318 (60.3) | 7,771 (58.9) |
Armed forces or unknown | 477 (3.6) | 860 (6.9) | 259 (1.9) | 233 (1.7) | 282 (2.1) |
Marital status | |||||
Unmarried | 3,776 (28.8) | 3,636 (29.2) | 4,126 (30.2) | 4,226 (30.6) | 4,489 (34.0) |
Married | 5,803 (44.3) | 5,493 (44.1) | 5,911 (43.2) | 5,857 (42.4) | 5,297 (40.1) |
Divorced | 2,063 (15.8) | 2,034 (16.3) | 2,273 (16.6) | 2,356 (17.1) | 2,197 (16.7) |
Widowed | 1,408 (10.8) | 1,268 (10.2) | 1,326 (9.7) | 1,315 (9.5) | 1,194 (9.0) |
Unknown | 42 (0.3) | 32 (0.3) | 34 (0.2) | 45 (0.3) | 18 (0.1) |
Education level | |||||
Middel school or less | 4,708 (36.0) | 4,263 (34.2) | 4,407 (32.2) | 4,156 (30.1) | 3,764 (28.5) |
High school | 4,873 (37.2) | 4,657 (37.4) | 4,984 (36.5) | 5,023 (36.4) | 4,834 (36.6) |
College or higher | 3,023 (23.1) | 2,943 (23.6) | 3,586 (26.2) | 3,743 (27.1) | 3,656 (27.7) |
Unknown | 488 (3.7) | 600 (4.8) | 693 (5.1) | 877 (6.4) | 941 (7.1) |
Pre-pandemic trend* | p | Level change | p | Slope change | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | ||||
Total | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | <0.001 | 0.88 (0.80–0.97) | 0.012 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.382 |
Male | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | <0.001 | 0.85 (0.76–0.94) | 0.002 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.186 |
Female | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.82–1.01) | 0.073 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.501 |
Adolescents | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | <0.001 | 0.58 (0.45–0.75) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.562 |
Male | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | <0.001 | 0.65 (0.50–0.87) | 0.003 | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | 0.716 |
Female | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) | <0.001 | 0.56 (0.40–0.78) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.772 |
Young adults | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001 | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) | 0.981 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.291 |
Male | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.83–1.10) | 0.543 | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 0.092 |
Female | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) | 0.787 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.430 |
Middle-aged | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.81–1.02) | 0.114 | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 0.026 |
Male | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.80–1.02) | 0.094 | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | 0.006 |
Female | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | <0.001 | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.227 | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 0.125 |
Older adults | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | <0.001 | 0.74 (0.66–0.84) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.038 |
Male | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | <0.001 | 0.67 (0.59–0.77) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 0.008 |
Female | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.71–0.97) | 0.016 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.449 |
Pre-pandemic trend* | p | Level change | p | Slope change | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | ||||
Total | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.011 | 0.95 (0.85–1.07) | 0.439 | 1.00 (0.97–1.01) | 0.667 |
Male | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.009 | 0.89 (0.79–1.00) | 0.050 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.825 |
Female | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.073 | 1.12 (0.95–1.32) | 0.164 | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) | 0.155 |
Adolescents | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.007 | 1.12 (0.75–1.68) | 0.584 | 0.98 (1.00–1.01) | 0.549 |
Male | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.758 | 1.15 (0.67–1.99) | 0.615 | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 0.744 |
Female | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001 | 1.10 (0.61–1.98) | 0.746 | 0.94 (0.86–1.04) | 0.240 |
Young adults | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.004 | 1.16 (0.93–1.45) | 0.191 | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 0.474 |
Male | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.398 | 1.08 (0.86–1.36) | 0.511 | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 0.924 |
Female | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | <0.001 | 1.29 (0.90–1.86) | 0.172 | 0.97 (0.91–1.02) | 0.212 |
Middle-aged | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.094 | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) | 0.761 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.185 |
Male | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.071 | 0.95 (0.83–1.07) | 0.396 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.300 |
Female | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.349 | 1.08 (0.90–1.29) | 0.434 | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 0.139 |
Older adults | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.018 | 0.85 (0.75–0.97) | 0.015 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.178 |
Male | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.002 | 0.76 (0.66–0.88) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.057 |
Female | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.634 | 1.12 (0.95–0.32) | 0.161 | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 0.699 |