1. Kinsella KG, Velkoff VA. An Aging World: 2001. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; 2001.
2. Korea National Statistical Office. Statistics for the Elderly 2012. Daejeon: Statistics Korea; 2012.
3. Manly JJ, Jacobs DM, Sano M, Bell K, Merchant CA, Small SA, et al. Effect of literacy on neuropsychological test performance in nondemented, education-matched elders. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1999;5:191–202. PMID:
10217919.
5. UNESCO. EFA Global Monitoring Report on Education for All 2006. Paris: Graphoprint; 2005.
6. Byun JI, Lee GA, Huh J, Kim KH. Development Process and Outcomes of Adult Literacy Education in Korea. Seoul: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology; 2012.
7. The National Institute of the Korean Language. The National Literacy Survey. Seoul: The National Institute of the Korean Language; 2008.
8. Lee JY, Chang SM, Jang HS, Chang JS, Suh GH, Jung HY, et al. Illiteracy and the incidence of Alzheimer's disease in the Yonchon County survey, Korea. Int Psychogeriatr 2008;20:976–985. PMID:
18452643.
9. Fuh JL, Teng EL, Lin KN, Larson EB, Wang SJ, Liu CY, et al. The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) as a screening tool for dementia for a predominantly illiterate Chinese population. Neurology 1995;45:92–96. PMID:
7824143.
10. Jorm AF, Scott R, Cullen J, MacKinnon AJ. Performance of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) as a screening test for dementia. Psychol Med 1991;21:785–790. PMID:
1946866.
11. Choi SH, Shim YS, Ryu SH, Ryu HJ, Lee DW, Lee JY, et al. Validation of the Literacy Independent Cognitive Assessment. Int Psychogeriatr 2011;23:593–601. PMID:
20843392.
12. Kim J, Jeong JH, Han SH, Ryu HJ, Lee JY, Ryu SH, et al. Reliability and validity of the short form of the literacy-independent cognitive assessment in the elderly. J Clin Neurol 2013;9:111–117. PMID:
23626649.
13. Christensen KJ, Multhaup KS, Nordstrom S, Voss K. A cognitive battery for dementia: development and measurement characteristics. J Consult Clin Psychol 1991;3:168–174.
14. Kang Y. Normative data on the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) in Korean elderly. Korean J Psychol 2006;25:1–25.
15. Kang SJ, Choi SH, Lee BH, Kwon JC, Na DL, Han SH. The reliability and validity of the Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL). J Korean Neurol Assoc 2002;20:8–14.
16. Ardila A, Rosselli M, Rosas P. Neuropsychological assessment in illiterates: visuospatial and memory abilities. Brain Cogn 1989;11:147–166. PMID:
2803759.
17. Ardila A, Ostrosky-Solis F, Mendoza VU. Learning to read is much more than learning to read: a neuropsychologically based reading program. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2000;6:789–801. PMID:
11105469.
18. Bertolucci PH, Brucki SM, Campacci SR, Juliano Y. The Mini-Mental State Examination in a general population: impact of educational status. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1994;52:1–7. PMID:
8002795.
19. Brucki SM, Rocha MS. Category fluency test: effects of age, gender and education on total scores, clustering and switching in Brazilian Portuguese-speaking subjects. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004;37:1771–1777. PMID:
15558183.
20. Dansilio S, Charamelo A. Constructional functions and figure copying in illiterates or low-schooled Hispanics. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2005;20:1105–1112. PMID:
16139987.
21. Deloche G, Souza L, Braga LW, Dellatolas G. A calculation and number processing battery for clinical application in illiterates and semi-literates. Cortex 1999;35:503–521. PMID:
10574077.
22. Folia V, Kosmidis MH. Assessment of memory skills in illiterates: strategy differences or test artifact? Clin Neuropsychol 2003;17:143–152. PMID:
13680421.
23. Kosmidis MH, Tsapkini K, Folia V, Vlahou CH, Kiosseoglou G. Semantic and phonological processing in illiteracy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2004;10:818–827. PMID:
15637772.
24. Nitrini R, Caramelli P, Herrera Junior E, Porto CS, Charchat-Fichman H, Carthery MT, et al. Performance of illiterate and literate nondemented elderly subjects in two tests of long-term memory. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2004;10:634–638. PMID:
15327741.
25. Nitrini R, Caramelli P, Herrera E Jr, Charchat-Fichman H, Porto CS. Performance in Luria's fist-edge-palm test according to educational level. Cogn Behav Neurol 2005;18:211–214. PMID:
16340394.
26. Lee DY, Lee KU, Lee JH, Kim KW, Jhoo JH, Kim SY, et al. A normative study of the CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery in the Korean elderly. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2004;10:72–81. PMID:
14751009.
27. Perroco TR, Bustamante SE, Moreno Mdel P, Hototian SR, Lopes MA, Azevedo D, et al. Performance of Brazilian long and short IQCODE on the screening of dementia in elderly people with low education. Int Psychogeriatr 2009;21:531–538. PMID:
19323868.
28. Jorm AF. The Informant Questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly (IQCODE): a review. Int Psychogeriatr 2004;16:275–293. PMID:
15559753.
29. Ardila A, Bertolucci PH, Braga LW, Castro-Caldas A, Judd T, Kosmidis MH, et al. Illiteracy: the neuropsychology of cognition without reading. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2010;25:689–712. PMID:
21075867.
30. Aprahamian I, Martinelli JE, Cecato J, Yassuda MS. Screening for Alzheimer's disease among illiterate elderly: accuracy analysis for multiple instruments. J Alzheimers Dis 2011;26:221–229. PMID:
21593559.