Availability of Data and Material
The data can be publicly downloaded at https://www.kdca.go.kr/yhs/ after entering basic personal details. We used the SPSS dataset of KYRBWS in the year 2020. The authors do not possess the right to directly distribute the data.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: Mi-Sun Lee, Hooyeon Lee. Data curation: Mi-Sun Lee. Formal analysis: Mi-Sun Lee. Funding acquisition: Hooyeon Lee. Investigation: Hooyeon Lee. Methodology: Mi-Sun Lee, Hooyeon Lee. Project administration: Hooyeon Lee. Software: Mi-Sun Lee, Hooyeon Lee. Supervision: Hooyeon Lee. Validation: Mi-Sun Lee, Hooyeon Lee. Visualization: Mi-Sun Lee, Hooyeon Lee. Writing—original draft: Mi-Sun Lee. Writing—review & editing: Mi-Sun Lee, Hooyeon Lee.
Funding Statement
This study was supported by the National R&D Program for Cancer Control through the National Cancer Center (NCC) funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (Grant number: HA21C0225) and the Catholic Medical Center Research Foundation made in the program year of 2022 (Grant number: 5-2022-B0001-00207).
Variables | Total | Boys | Girls |
---|---|---|---|
Total | 54,948 (100.0) | 28,353 (51.6) | 26,595 (48.4) |
Age (yr) | 15.10±1.75 | 15.12±1.76 | 15.07±1.75 |
Area of residence | |||
Metropolitan area | 23,621 (43.0) | 12,553 (44.3) | 11,068 (41.6) |
Urban area | 26,981 (49.1) | 13,562 (47.8) | 13,419 (50.5) |
Rural area | 4,346 (7.9) | 2,238 (7.9) | 2,108 (7.9) |
School grade | |||
7th | 10,005 (18.2) | 5,098 (18.0) | 4,907 (18.5) |
8th | 9,564 (17.4) | 4,823 (17.0) | 4,741 (17.8) |
9th | 9,392 (17.1) | 4,909 (17.3) | 4,483 (16.9) |
10th | 8,907 (16.2) | 4,602 (16.2) | 4,305 (16.2) |
11th | 8,907 (16.2) | 4,631 (16.3) | 4,276 (16.1) |
12th | 8,173 (14.9) | 4,290 (15.1) | 3,883 (14.6) |
Household income level | |||
High | 6,039 (11.0) | 3,536 (12.5) | 2,503 (9.4) |
Middle | 47,634 (86.7) | 24,095 (85.0) | 23,539 (88.5) |
Low | 1,275 (2.3) | 722 (2.5) | 553 (2.1) |
Academic achievement | |||
High | 6,736 (12.3) | 3,853 (13.6) | 2,883 (10.8) |
Middle | 42,679 (77.7) | 21,400 (75.5) | 21,279 (80.0) |
Low | 5,533 (10.1) | 3,100 (10.9) | 2,433 (9.1) |
Body mass index* | |||
Low weight | 11,226 (20.4) | 4,636 (16.8) | 6,590 (25.6) |
Normal weight | 25,777 (46.9) | 11,997 (43.5) | 13,780 (53.5) |
Overweight | 7,264 (13.2) | 4,436 (16.1) | 2,828 (11.0) |
Obese | 9,093 (16.5) | 6,538 (23.7) | 2,555 (9.9) |
Cigarette use | |||
Never | 49,318 (89.8) | 24,448 (86.2) | 24,870 (93.5) |
Ever | 5,630 (10.2) | 3,905 (13.8) | 1,725 (6.5) |
Alcohol use | |||
Never | 36,591 (66.6) | 17,778 (62.7) | 18,813 (70.7) |
Ever | 18,357 (33.4) | 10,575 (37.3) | 7,782 (29.3) |
Smartphone overdependence | |||
General-use group | 41,173 (74.9) | 22,521 (79.4) | 18,652 (70.1) |
Potential-risk group | 12,142 (22.1) | 5,239 (18.5) | 6,903 (26.0) |
High-risk group | 1,633 (3.0) | 593 (2.1) | 1,040 (3.9) |
Generalized anxiety disorder | |||
No | 36,711 (66.8) | 20,880 (73.6) | 15,831 (59.5) |
Yes | 18,237 (33.2) | 7,473 (26.4) | 10,764 (40.5) |
Suicidal ideation | |||
No | 48,969 (89.1) | 26,099 (92.1) | 22,870 (86.0) |
Yes | 5,979 (10.9) | 2,254 (7.9) | 3,725 (14.0) |
Variables | Total | Boys | Girls | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 13,775 (100.0) | 5,832 (42.3) | 7,943 (57.7) | |
Area of residence | <0.001 | |||
Metropolitan area | 5,597 (40.1) | 2,438 (39.9) | 3,159 (40.2) | |
Urban area | 7,094 (54.1) | 2,933 (54.2) | 4,161 (54.0) | |
Rural area | 1,084 (5.8) | 461 (5.9) | 623 (5.7) | |
School grade | <0.001 | |||
7th | 1,921 (13.2) | 823 (13.3) | 1,098 (13.1) | |
8th | 2,358 (15.6) | 985 (15.7) | 1,373 (15.6) | |
9th | 2,586 (17.2) | 1,069 (16.5) | 1,517 (17.7) | |
10th | 2,246 (17.0) | 906 (16.1) | 1,340 (17.8) | |
11th | 2,476 (19.0) | 1,029 (19.0) | 1,447 (19.1) | |
12th | 2,188 (18.0) | 1,020 (19.5) | 1,168 (16.8) | |
Household income level | <0.001 | |||
High | 1,137 (8.5) | 569 (9.9) | 568 (7.3) | |
Middle | 12,262 (88.9) | 5,086 (87.2) | 7,176 (90.2) | |
Low | 376 (2.6) | 177 (2.9) | 199 (2.4) | |
Academic achievement | <0.001 | |||
High | 1,281 (9.2) | 611 (10.6) | 670 (8.1) | |
Middle | 10,625 (77.5) | 4,395 (75.2) | 6,230 (79.3) | |
Low | 1,869 (13.3) | 826 (14.2) | 1,043 (12.7) | <0.001 |
Body mass index* | ||||
Low weight | 2,946 (21.6) | 977 (16.8) | 1,969 (25.3) | |
Normal weight | 6,611 (50.0) | 2,526 (45.1) | 4,085 (53.7) | |
Overweight | 1,750 (13.0) | 892 (15.6) | 858 (11.1) | |
Obese | 2,051 (15.4) | 1,285 (22.5) | 766 (10.0) | |
Cigarette use | <0.001 | |||
Never | 11,935 (86.5) | 4,792 (81.7) | 7,143 (90.1) | |
Ever | 1,840 (13.5) | 1,040 (18.3) | 800 (9.9) | |
Alcohol use | <0.001 | |||
Never | 8,300 (59.9) | 3,326 (56.4) | 4,974 (62.6) | |
Ever | 5,475 (40.1) | 2,506 (43.6) | 2,969 (37.4) | |
Generalized anxiety disorder | <0.001 | |||
No | 6,574 (47.6) | 3,254 (55.1) | 3,320 (42.0) | |
Yes | 7,201 (52.4) | 2,578 (44.9) | 4,623 (58.0) | |
Suicidal ideation | <0.001 | |||
No | 11,476 (83.2) | 5,116 (87.5) | 6,360 (79.9) | |
Yes | 2,299 (16.8) | 716 (12.5) | 1,583 (20.1) |