1. Bauer UE, Briss PA, Goodman RA, Bowman BA. Prevention of chronic disease in the 21st century: elimination of the leading preventable causes of premature death and disability in the USA. Lancet 2014;384:45–52.
3. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, et al. H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003;28:519–526.
4. Nonogaki K, Strack AM, Dallman MF, Tecott LH. Leptin-independent hyperphagia and type 2 diabetes in mice with a mutated serotonin 5-HT2C receptor gene. Nat Med 1998;4:1152–1156.
5. Dietrich MO, Horvath TL. Limitations in anti-obesity drug development: the critical role of hunger-promoting neurons. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2012;11:675–691.
6. Lett TA, Wallace TJ, Chowdhury NI, Tiwari AK, Kennedy JL, Müller DJ. Pharmacogenetics of antipsychotic-induced weight gain: review and clinical implications. Mol Psychiatry 2012;17:242–266.
7. Farr OM, Gavrieli A, Mantzoros CS. Leptin applications in 2015: what have we learned about leptin and obesity? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2015;22:353–359.
9. Gruzdeva O, Borodkina D, Uchasova E, Dyleva Y, Barbarash O. Leptin resistance: underlying mechanisms and diagnosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019;12:191–198.
10. Virkkunen M, Wahlbeck K, Rissanen A, Naukkarinen H, Franssila-Kallunki A. Decrease of energy expenditure causes weight increase in olanzapine treatment - a case study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2002;35:124–126.
11. Procyshyn RM, Chau A, Tse G. Clozapine’s effects on body weight and resting metabolic rate: a case series. Schizophr Res 2004;66:159–162.
12. Fountaine RJ, Taylor AE, Mancuso JP, Greenway FL, Byerley LO, Smith SR, et al. Increased food intake and energy expenditure following administration of olanzapine to healthy men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010;18:1646–1651.
13. Gothelf D, Apter A, Reidman J, Brand-Gothelf A, Bloch Y, Gal G, et al. Olanzapine, risperidone and haloperidol in the treatment of adolescent patients with schizophrenia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2003;110:545–560.
16. Langlois KJ, Forbes JA, Bell GW, Grant GF Jr. A double-blind clinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of phentermine hydrochloride (Fastin) in the treatment of exogenous obesity. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1974;16:289–296.
17. Li Z, Maglione M, Tu W, Mojica W, Arterburn D, Shugarman LR, et al. Meta-analysis: pharmacologic treatment of obesity. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:532–546.
19. Bray GA. Drug insight: appetite suppressants. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;2:89–95.
21. Sletten IW, Ognjanov V, Menendez S, Sundland D, el-Toumi A. Weight reduction with chlorphenetermine and phenmetrazine in obese psychiatric patients during chlorpromazine therapy. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1967;9:570–575.
22. WHO Collaborating Center for Drug Statistics Methodology. Guidelines for ATC Classification and DDD assignment 2015. Oslo, Norway: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology; 2014.
23. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
25. Srinagesh MT, Rachel EF, Badari B. Swithching antipsychotics: a guide to dose equivalents. Current Psychiatry 2021;20:13–14.
26. Laruelle M, Abi-Dargham A, van Dyck CH, Rosenblatt W, Zea-Ponce Y, Zoghbi SS, et al. SPECT imaging of striatal dopamine release after amphetamine challenge. J Nucl Med 1995;36:1182–1190.
28. Owen R, Owen F, Poulter M, Crow TJ. Dopamine D2 receptors in substantia nigra in schizophrenia. Brain Res 1984;299:152–154.
30. Rothman RB, Baumann MH, Dersch CM, Romero DV, Rice KC, Carroll FI, et al. Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin. Synapse 2001;39:32–41.
31. Rothman AJ, Bartels RD, Wlaschin J, Salovey P. The strategic use of gain- and loss-framed messages to promote healthy behavior: how theory can inform practice. J Commun 2006;56(s1):S202–S220.
32. Compton MT, Daumit GL, Druss BG. Cigarette smoking and overweight/obesity among individuals with serious mental illnesses: a preventive perspective. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2006;14:212–222.
33. Alvarez-Jiménez M, González-Blanch C, Crespo-Facorro B, Hetrick S, Rodríguez-Sánchez JM, Pérez-Iglesias R, et al. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain in chronic and first-episode psychotic disorders: a systematic critical reappraisal. CNS Drugs 2008;22:547–562.
34. Pilitsi E, Farr OM, Polyzos SA, Perakakis N, Nolen-Doerr E, Papathanasiou AE, et al. Pharmacotherapy of obesity: available medications and drugs under investigation. Metabolism 2019;92:170–192.
35. Shi Q, Wang Y, Hao Q, Vandvik PO, Guyatt G, Li J, et al. Pharmacotherapy for adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet 2022;399:259–269.
36. Lee SH, Liu CY, Yang YY. Schizophreniform-like psychotic disorder induced by phentermine: a case report. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1998;61:44–47.
37. Mula M, Trimble MR, Lhatoo SD, Sander JW. Topiramate and psychiatric adverse events in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2003;44:659–663.
39. Sweeting AN, Tabet E, Caterson ID, Markovic TP. Management of obesity and cardiometabolic risk - role of phentermine/extended release topiramate. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2014;7:35–44.
41. Kwak S, Youn T, Lee NY, Chung IW, Kim SH. Psychotic disorder induced by appetite suppressants, phentermine or phendimetrazine: a case series study. Korean J Biol Psychiatry 2017;24:134–141.
42. Smith SR, Weissman NJ, Anderson CM, Sanchez M, Chuang E, Stubbe S, et al. Multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of lorcaserin for weight management. N Engl J Med 2010;363:245–256.
43. Fidler MC, Sanchez M, Raether B, Weissman NJ, Smith SR, Shanahan WR, et al. A one-year randomized trial of lorcaserin for weight loss in obese and overweight adults: the BLOSSOM trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:3067–3077.
44. O’Neil PM, Smith SR, Weissman NJ, Fidler MC, Sanchez M, Zhang J, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of lorcaserin for weight loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the BLOOM-DM study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012;20:1426–1436.
45. Lean ME. Sibutramine--a review of clinical efficacy. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997;21(Suppl 1):S30–S36. discussion 37-39.