Availability of Data and Material
The datasets generated or analyzed during the study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Conflicts of Interest
Seockhoon Chung, a contributing editor of the Psychiatry Investigation, was not involved in the editorial evaluation or decision to publish this article. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: Ali Kandeğer, Omer Faruk Uygur, Seockhoon Chung. Data curation: Ali Kandeğer, Elif Yavuz. Formal analysis: Ali Kandeğer, Omer Faruk Uygur, Seockhoon Chung. Investigation: Ali Kandeğer, Omer Faruk Uygur, Elif Yavuz. Methodology: Ali Kandeğer, Omer Faruk Uygur, Seockhoon Chung. Project administration: Ali Kandeğer, Yavuz Selvi. Resources: Ali Kandeğer, Omer Faruk Uygur, Seockhoon Chung. Software: Omer Faruk Uygur, Elif Yavuz. Supervision: Ali Kandeğer, Seockhoon Chung, Yavuz Selvi. Validation: Omer Faruk Uygur, Seockhoon Chung. Writing—original draft: Ali Kandeğer, Omer Faruk Uygur, Seockhoon Chung, Elif Yavuz. Writing—review & editing: Ali Kandeğer, Seockhoon Chung, Yavuz Selvi.
Funding Statement
None
WLs | nWCs | WGs | F (2, 577) | η² | p | Post-hoc‡ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N=153 (A) | N=178 (B) | N=247 (C) | ||||||
Sleep latency (min) | 33.81±36.01 | 34.47±37.10 | 39.00±41.59 | 1.11 | 0.004 | 0.331 | - | |
Bed time | 1:57±1:53 | 1:52±2:04 | 2:24±2:08 | 4.28 | 0.015 | 0.014* | C>B | |
Wake time | 10:33±2:21 | 10:34±2:15 | 11:15±2:20 | 6.52 | 0.022 | 0.002* | C>A=B | |
Mid-sleep time | 6:15±1:57 | 6:13±1:57 | 6:50±2:04 | 6.41 | 0.022 | 0.002* | C>A=B | |
Total sleep time (hr) | 7.30±1.73 | 7.03±1.81 | 7.32±1.77 | 1.53 | 0.005 | 0.218 | - | |
Sleep quality | 5.59±2.15 | 5.40±2.27 | 5.12±2.19 | 2.30 | 0.008 | 0.101 | - | |
Weight change (kg) | -3.60±1.91 | 0.00±0.00 | 3.61±2.16 | 842.26 | 0.746 | <0.001* | C>B>A | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.32±2.92 | 21.17±3.78 | 22.84±3.72 | 14.44 | 0.048 | <0.001* | C>A=B | |
Eating Attitudes Test | 17.52±10.37 | 16.95±10.08 | 17.32±9.92 | 0.18 | 0.001 | 0.837 | - | |
Dieting behavior | 10.32±7.90 | 9.08±7.27 | 10.62±7.45 | 2.29 | 0.008 | 0.103 | - | |
Oral control behavior | 5.30±4.36 | 6.22±4.62 | 4.46±3.46 | 9.70 | 0.033 | <0.001* | B>C | |
Bulimic behavior | 1.90±2.43 | 1.64±2.17 | 2.37±2.80 | 4.59 | 0.016 | 0.011* | C>B | |
Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale | 32.77±10.81 | 31.70±10.38 | 33.22±11.91 | 0.97 | 0.003 | 0.379 | - | |
Wender Utah Rating Scale | 30.60±17.60 | 27.55±17.53 | 31.00±18.21 | 2.14 | 0.007 | 0.119 | - |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Total sleep | 1.00 | ||||||||
2. Mid-sleep time | 0.03 | 1.00 | |||||||
3. Body mass index | 0.01 | -0.01 | 1.00 | ||||||
4. Dieting behavior† | -0.03 | 0.03 | 0.29** | 1.00 | |||||
5. Oral control behavior† | -0.07 | 0.05 | -0.40** | 0.05 | 1.00 | ||||
6. Bulimic behavior† | -0.08* | 0.07 | 0.16** | 0.35** | 0.07 | 1.00 | |||
7. Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale | -0.13** | 0.08* | -0.06 | 0.16** | 0.08 | 0.32** | 1.00 | ||
8. Wender Utah Rating Scale | -0.07 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.12** | 0.06 | 0.23** | 0.58** | 1.00 | |
9. Weight change | -0.01 | 0.14* | 0.26** | 0.06 | -0.12** | 0.15** | 0.02 | 0.03 | 1.00 |
β | t | p | R2 | ΔF |
Collinearity |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tolerance | VIF | |||||||
Step 1 | 0.01 | 0.24 | ||||||
Current ADHD symptoms | 0.002 | 0.13 | 0.899 | |||||
Childhood ADHD symptoms | 0.005 | 0.49 | 0.627 | |||||
Step 2 | 0.02 | 4.47 | ||||||
Current ADHD symptoms | -0.003 | -0.17 | 0.866 | |||||
Childhood ADHD symptoms | 0.003 | 0.31 | 0.757 | |||||
Total sleep time | 0.033 | 0.39 | 0.695 | |||||
Mid-sleep time | 4.709 | 2.18 | 0.030* | |||||
Sleep quality | -0.127 | -1.71 | 0.088 | |||||
Step 3 | 0.06 | 7.37 | ||||||
Current ADHD symptoms | -0.013 | -0.85 | 0.397 | 0.62 | 1.61 | |||
Childhood ADHD symptoms | 0.002 | 0.16 | 0.870 | 0.66 | 1.51 | |||
Total sleep time | 0.025 | 0.31 | 0.760 | 0.90 | 1.11 | |||
Mid-sleep time | 4.891 | 2.30 | 0.022* | 0.80 | 1.25 | |||
Sleep quality | -0.110 | -1.50 | 0.134 | 0.73 | 1.37 | |||
Dieting behavior† | 0.009 | 0.48 | 0.633 | 0.87 | 1.15 | |||
Oral control behavior† | -0.109 | -3.24 | 0.001* | 0.99 | 1.01 | |||
Bulimic behavior† | 0.196 | 3.20 | 0.001* | 0.79 | 1.26 |