1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
2. An NY, Lee JY, Cho SM, Chung YK, Shin YM. Difficulty in facial emotion recognition in children with ADHD. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013;24:83–89.
3. Schachar R, Taylor E, Wieselberg M, Thorley G, Rutter M. Changes in family function and relationships in children who respond to methylphenidate. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1987;26:728–732.
4. Barkley R. Primary Symptoms and Conceptualization in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: Guilford Press; 1990.
5. Cho SC. Concept and biological study of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990;1:5–26.
6. Barkley RA, Karlsson J, Pollard S, Murphy JV. Developmental changes in the mother‐child interactions of hyperactive boys: effects of two dose levels of Ritalin. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1985;26:705–715.
7. Mash EJ, Johnston C. Parental perceptions of child behavior problems, parenting self-esteem, and mothers’ reported stress in younger and older hyperactive and normal children. J Consult Clin Psychol 1983;51:86–99.
8. Berry JO, Jones WH. The parental stress scale: initial psychometric evidence. J Soc Personal Relatsh 1995;12:463–472.
9. Graziano PA, McNamara JP, Geffken GR, Reid A. Severity of children’s ADHD symptoms and parenting stress: a multiple mediation model of self-regulation. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2011;39:1073–1083.
10. Barber BK. Parental psychological control: revisiting a neglected construct. Child Dev 1996;67:3296–3319.
11. Kim SY, Hwang JW, Kim BN, Cho SC, Shin MS. Parents’ rearing attitude of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and depressive disorder. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008;19:175–181.
12. Hart CH, Nelson DA, Robinson CC, Olsen SF, McNeilly-Choque MK. Overt and relational aggression in Russian nursery-school-age children: parenting style and marital linkages. Dev Psychol 1998;34:687–697.
13. McLaughlin DP, Harrison CA. Parenting practices of mothers of children with ADHD: the role of maternal and child factors. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2006;11:82–88.
14. Modesto-Lowe V, Danforth JS, Brooks D. ADHD: does parenting style matter? Clin Ped 2008;47:865–872.
15. Seipp CM, Johnston C. Mother–son interactions in families of boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with and without oppositional behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2005;33:87–98.
16. Spratt EG, Saylor CF, Macias MM. Assessing parenting stress in multiple samples of children with special needs (CSN). Fam Syst Health 2007;25:435–449.
17. Woodward L, Taylor E, Dowdney L. The parenting and family functioning of children with hyperactivity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1998;39:161–169.
18. Bae JY. Effects of clinical art therapy on improving concentration and aggression of ADHD prone children. Korean Acad Clin Art Ther 2011;6:105–121.
19. Ochoa B, Repáraz C, Lorente AP. Validación de la escala cilc, de locus de control, en una muestra española de padres de niños hospitalizados. Psicothema 1997;9:89–103.
20. Oronoz Artola B, Alonso Arbiol I, Balluerka Lasa MN. A Spanish adaptation of the parental stress scale. Psicothema 2007;19:687–692.
21. Brito AD, Faro A. Differences by gender, adaptation and validation of the Parental Stress Scale. Avaliação Psicológica 2017;16:38–47.
22. Leung C, Tsang SK. The Chinese parental stress scale: psychometric evidence using Rasch modeling on clinical and nonclinical samples. J Pers Assess 2010;92:26–34.
24. Zelman JJ, Ferro MA. The parental stress scale: psychometric properties in families of children with chronic health conditions. Fam Relat 2018;67:240–252.
25. Sethi S, Gandhi R, Anand V. Study of level of stress in the parents of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Indian Assoc Child Adolesc Ment Health 2012;8:25–37.
26. Kriti K, Pradhan A, Tufel S. Severity of cerebral palsy and its impact on level of stress in the caregivers: a correlational study. Indian J Occup Ther 2019;51:21–25.
28. Jung KM, Lee SI, Lee CS. Standardization study for the Korean Version of Parenting Stress Index Fourth Edition (K-PSI-4). Korean J Psychol Gen 2019;38:247–273.
29. Jung KM, Lee CS, Lee SI. Standardization study for the Korean Version of Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents (K-SIPA). Korean J Psychol Gen 2019;38:419–441.
30. Bryant FB, Yarnold PR. Principal-Components Analysis and Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. In: Grimm LG, editor. Reading and Understanding Multivariate Statistics. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1995, p. 99–136.
31. Kim MY, Kim YA, Lee J, Kim HJ, Oh KJ. A validity study on the Korean version of the adult self report. Korean J Clin Psychol 2014;33:615–632.
32. Murphy K, Barkley RA. Preliminary normative data on DSM-IV criteria for adults. ADHD Report 1995;3:6–7.
33. So YK, Noh JS, Kim YS, Ko SG, Koh YJ. The reliability and validity of Korean Parent and Teacher ADHD Rating Scale. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2002;41:283–289.
35. An JY, Seo ER, Lim KH, Shin JH, Kim JB. Standardization of the Korean version of screening tool for depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9). J Korean Soc Biol Ther Psychiatry 2013;19:47–56.
36. Spielberger CD. Manual for the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (Self-Evaluation Questionnaire). Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1970.
37. Hahn DW, Lee CH, Tak JG. Standardization of Spielberger State–Trait Anxiety Test. In: In Korea Institute of Psychology Proceedings of the 93’ General Conference; 1993;pp 505–512.
38. Linn MW. A global assessment of recent stress (GARS) scale. Int J Psychiatry Med 1986;15:47–59.
39. Koh KB, Park JK. Validity and reliability of the Korean version of the global assessment of recent stress scale. Korean J Psychosomatic Med 2000;8:201–211.
40. Kim YS, Jeon YJ, Hak JS, Kim JS. Family Assessment Handbook. In: Kim YS, Jeon YJ, Hak JS, Kim JS, editor. Family Evaluation and Family Counseling. Seoul: Hakji-sa, 2003, p. 28–33.
41. Woo JP. Concept and understanding of Structural Equation Model. Seoul: Hannarae; 2012.
42. Fornell C, Larcker DF. Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications; 1981.
43. Kim MY, Park DY. Parenting stress, depression and verbal abuse of infant’s mothers. Child Health Nurs Res 2009;15:375–382.
44. Kim MW, Kang MJ. The effects of double-income couples’ gender role attitudes and recognition of social support on parenting stress. J Korean Home Econ Assoc 2011;49:25–35.
45. Han MS, Lee YJ. The appearance satisfaction according to parents’ appearance-related parenting style and undergraduate children’s self-esteem. J Korean Home Econ Educ Assoc 2007;19:247–256.
46. Guidubaldi J, Cleminshaw HK. The development of the Cleminshaw- -Guidubaldi parent satisfaction scale. J Clin Child Psychol 1985;14:293–298.
47. Park HS, Koo HY. Effects of the Core Competency Support Program in parenting role on sense of competence in parenting, parent-child communication, and parental role satisfaction in parents of adolescents. J Korean Acad Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs 2010;19:411–419.
48. Rothstein JM. Primer on Measurement: An Introductory Guide to Measurement Issues, Featuring the American Physical Therapy Association’s Standards for Tests and Measurements in Physical Therapy Practice. Alexandria, VA: Am Physical Therapy Assn; 1993.
49. Weitlauf AS, Vehorn AC, Taylor JL, Warren ZE. Relationship satisfaction, parenting stress, and depression in mothers of children with autism. Autism 2014;18:194–198.
50. Anthony LG, Anthony BJ, Glanville DN, Naiman DQ, Waanders C, Shaffer S. The relationships between parenting stress, parenting behaviour and preschoolers’ social competence and behaviour problems in the classroom. Infant and Child Development. Int J Res Pract 2005;14:133–154.
51. Lee ON, Park KA. The mediating effect of social support on the relationship between parental stress and depression among parents of children with a disability. J Korean Entertain Indust Assoc 2020;14:411–419.
52. Cheung K, Aberdeen K, Ward MA, Theule J. Maternal depression in families of children with ADHD: a meta-analysis. J Child Fam Stud 2018;27:1015–1028.
53. Seo W, Kim D. The effects of the maternal anxiety, parenting attitude & psychological well-being on parenting stress: a comparative study between mothers who have children with and without disabilities. Korean J Dev Psychol 2013;26:121–136.
54. Lee EO, Lim NY, Park HA, Lee IS, Kim JI, Bae JY, et al. Nursing Research and Statistical Analysis. In: Lee EO, Lim NY, Park HA, Lee IS, Kim JI, Bae JY, Lee SM, , editor. Statistics. Paju: Soomoonsa, 2009, p. 340–347.
55. Cheung SK. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Parental Stress Scale. Psychologia 2000;43:253–261.