The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization: all authors. Data curation: all authors. Formal analysis: all authors. Funding acquisition: Tomás E Martínez-García, Diego Munguía-Izquierdo. Investigation: all authors. Methodology: all authors. Project administration: Sofía M Martínez-Sánchez. Resources: Sofía M Martínez-Sánchez, Diego Munguía-Izquierdo. Software: Sofía M MartínezSánchez, Diego Munguía-Izquierdo. Supervision: Tomás E Martínez-García, Diego Munguía-Izquierdo. Validation: all authors. Visualization: all authors. Writing—original draft: Sofía M Martínez-Sánchez. Writing—review & editing: all authors.
Baseline (N=14) | After 10 weeks (N=14) | Standardized differences (90% CL) | Qualitative assessment† | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | 45.2 (7.8) | 47.4 (6.5)* | 0.28 (0.14) | Likely positive | 82/18/0 |
Height (cm) | 158.9 (7.6) | 159.8 (7.3)* | 0.10 (0.05) | Almost certainly trivial | 0/100/0 |
Total body water (L) | 24.9 (3.4) | 25.6 (2.9)* | 0.21 (0.12) | Possibly positive | 54/46/0 |
Body fat mass (kg) | 11.3 (4.4) | 12.4 (4.3)* | 0.26 (0.18) | Possibly positive | 70/30/0 |
Soft lean mass (kg) | 31.9 (4.4) | 32.9 (3.7)* | 0.21 (0.11) | Possibly positive | 56/44/0 |
Fat free mass (kg) | 34.0 (4.7) | 35.0 (3.9)* | 0.20 (0.12) | Possibly positive | 53/47/0 |
Skeletal muscle mass (kg) | 18.0 (2.8) | 18.6 (2.4)* | 0.22 (0.12) | Possibly positive | 60/40/0 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 17.9 (2.6) | 18.6 (2.1)* | 0.27 (0.17) | Likely positive | 76/24/0 |
Percent body fat (%) | 24.3 (6.9) | 25.7 (6.6) | 0.20 (0.20) | Possibly positive | 50/50/0 |
Bone mineral content (kg) | 2.1 (0.3) | 2.1 (0.2) | 0.13 (0.13) | Possibly trivial | 18/82/0 |
Baseline (N=14) | After 10 weeks (N=14) | Standardized differences (90% CL) | Qualitative assessment* | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eating disorder inventory-3† | |||||
Drive for thinness | 42.4 (7.4) | 40.9 (7.2) | -0.21 (0.24) | Possibly negative | 1/48/52 |
Bulimia | 45.9 (4.8) | 44.7 (2.7) | -0.21 (0.32) | Possibly negative | 2/47/51 |
Body dissatisfaction | 42.3 (7.7) | 42.7 (7.0) | 0.07 (0.27) | Possibly trivial | 21/74/5 |
Eating disorder risk composite | 41.7 (6.7) | 40.8 (6.4) | -0.13 (0.23) | Possibly trivial | 1/69/29 |
Low self-esteem | 44.4 (7.9) | 44.0 (8.2) | -0.06 (0.27) | Unclear | 6/77/18 |
Personal alienation | 44.4 (8.3) | 43.9 (8.3) | -0.05 (0.31) | Unclear | 9/70/21 |
Interpersonal insecurity | 46.6 (9.9) | 46.6 (11.1) | -0.02 (0.34) | Unclear | 14/67/18 |
Interpersonal alienation | 46.4 (9.4) | 47.8 (9.4) | 0.14 (0.31) | Possibly trivial | 38/59/4 |
Interoceptive deficits | 44.7 (8.1) | 42.6 (8.5) | -0.26 (0.39) | Possibly negative | 3/37/60 |
Emotional dysregulation | 46.9 (7.6) | 46.5 (9.8) | -0.09 (0.33) | Unclear | 7/65/28 |
Perfectionism | 46.7 (5.5) | 48.1 (9.4) | 0.15 (0.60) | Unclear | 45/40/16 |
Asceticism | 43.4 (7.0) | 42.1 (6.3) | -0.16 (0.47) | Unclear | 10/46/44 |
Maturity fears | 52.3 (5.9) | 55.3 (8.5) | 0.41 (0.44) | Likely positive | 79/19/1 |
Ineffectiveness | 44.1 (7.1) | 43.6 (8.1) | -0.07 (0.30) | Unclear | 7/71/22 |
Interpersonal problems | 46.2 (9.4) | 47.0 (10.8) | 0.06 (0.27) | Unclear | 19/75/6 |
Affective problems | 45.3 (7.0) | 43.9 (7.4) | -0.19 (0.31) | Possibly negative | 2/49/49 |
Overcontrol | 44.2 (5.9) | 44.3 (7.8) | -0.03 (0.54) | Unclear | 23/47/29 |
General psychological maladjustment | 44.4 (6.1) | 44.6 (8.6) | -0.04 (0.33) | Unclear | 12/69/20 |
Contour drawing rating scale | |||||
Perceived body shape | 4.6 (1.3) | 4.9 (1.2) | 0.26 (0.33) | Possibly positive | 63/36/1 |
Ideal body shape | 4.4 (1.2) | 4.6 (1.2) | 0.14 (0.20) | Possibly trivial | 32/68/1 |
Body dissatisfaction‡ | 0.7 (0.5) | 0.6 (0.5) | -0.29 (0.63) | Unclear | 10-31-59 |
Baseline (N=14) | After 10 weeks (N=14) | Standardized differences (90% CL) | Qualitative assessment† | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical activity | |||||
Energy expenditure (kcal/day) | 1876.9 (248.1) | 1890.7 (244.2) | 0.06 (0.30) | Unclear | 20/72/7 |
Active energy expenditure (kcal/day) | 967.6 (278.8) | 933.0 (339.3) | -0.14 (0.54) | Unclear | 14/43/43 |
Steps (number/day) | 7,069 (3,036) | 7,137 (3,372) | 0.04 (0.31) | Unclear | 19/72/9 |
Average METs‡ | 1.8 (0.2) | 1.7 (0.3) | -0.35 (0.39) | Possibly negative | 1-25-74 |
Sedentary activity <1.5 METs (min/day) | 783 (337) | 857 (268) | 0.26 (0.35) | Possibly positive | 61/37/2 |
Light activity 1.6–2.9 METs (min/day) | 545 (339) | 472 (254) | -0.17 (0.34) | Possibly trivial | 4/53/43 |
Moderate activity 3–6 METs (min/day) | 75 (40) | 68 (47) | -0.11 (0.37) | Unclear | 8/58/34 |
Vigorous activity >6 METs (min/day) | 19 (19) | 22 (27) | 0.06 (0.28) | Unclear | 20/74/6 |
Sleep | |||||
Night sleep duration (min/day) | 491 (59) | 493 (41) | 0.06 (0.53) | Unclear | 32/47/20 |
Sleep latency (min/day) | 11 (6) | 21 (11)* | 0.97 (0.39) | Almost certainly positive | 100/0/0 |
Night perturbations (number/day) | 10 (5) | 13 (4) | 0.54 (0.52) | Likely positive | 86/13/1 |
Night perturbations (min/day) | 54 (33) | 66 (21) | 0.47 (0.37) | Likely positive | 89/11/0 |
Sleep efficiency (%) | 90.6 (5.6) | 88.0 (4.6)* | -0.43 (0.38) | Likely negative | 1-15-84 |