1. Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1230-1235. PMID:
8464434.
3. Lee SD, Kang SH, Ju G, Han JW, Kim TH, Lee CS, et al. The prevalence of and risk factors for sleep-disordered breathing in an elderly Korean population. Respiration 2014;87:372-378. PMID:
24714628.
4. Shahar E, Whitney CW, Redline S, Lee ET, Newman AB, Nieto FJ, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: cross-sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:19-25. PMID:
11208620.
5. Coughlin SR, Mawdsley L, Mugarza JA, Calverley PM, Wilding JP. Obstructive sleep apnoea is independently associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Eur Heart J 2004;25:735-741. PMID:
15120883.
6. Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1378-1384. PMID:
10805822.
7. Uyrum E, Balbay O, Annakkaya AN, Gulec Balbay E, Silan F, Arbak P. The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and apolipoprotein E genetic variants. Respiration 2015;89:195-200. PMID:
25613112.
8. Newman AB, Foster G, Givelber R, Nieto FJ, Redline S, Young T. Progression and regression of sleep-disordered breathing with changes in weight: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:2408-2413. PMID:
16287771.
9. Redline S, Schluchter MD, Larkin EK, Tishler PV. Predictors of longitudinal change in sleep-disordered breathing in a nonclinic population. Sleep 2003;26:703-709. PMID:
14572123.
10. Young T, Peppard PE, Gottlieb DJ. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:1217-1239. PMID:
11991871.
11. Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J. Longitudinal study of moderate weight change and sleep-disordered breathing. JAMA 2000;284:3015-3021. PMID:
11122588.
12. Berger G, Berger R, Oksenberg A. Progression of snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea: the role of increasing weight and time. Eur Respir J 2009;33:338-345. PMID:
19010989.
13. Sahlman J, Pukkila M, Seppa J, Tuomilehto H. Evolution of mild obstructive sleep apnea after different treatments. Laryngoscope 2007;117:1107-1111. PMID:
17464235.
14. Inoue Y, Nanba K, Hazama G, Takata K, Arai H. Long-term follow-up study on patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001;55:245-246. PMID:
11422859.
15. Sforza E, Addati G, Cirignotta F, Lugaresi E. Natural evolution of sleep apnoea syndrome: a five year longitudinal study. Eur Respir J 1994;7:1765-1770. PMID:
7828682.
16. Ancoli-Israel S, Gehrman P, Kripke DF, Stepnowsky C, Mason W, Cohen-Zion M, et al. Long-term follow-up of sleep disordered breathing in older adults. Sleep Med 2001;2:511-516. PMID:
14592266.
17. Fisher D, Pillar G, Malhotra A, Peled N, Lavie P. Long-term follow-up of untreated patients with sleep apnoea syndrome. Respir Med 2002;96:337-343. PMID:
12113384.
18. Bliwise DL. Epidemiology of Age-Dependence in Sleep Disordered Breathing (Sdb) in Old Age: The Bay Area Sleep Cohort (Basc). Sleep Med Clin 2009;4:57-64. PMID:
20161180.
19. Sforza E, Gauthier M, Crawford-Achour E, Pichot V, Maudoux D, Barthelemy JC, et al. A 3-year longitudinal study of sleep disordered breathing in the elderly. Eur Respir J 2012;40:665-672. PMID:
22408210.
20. Svanborg E, Larsson H. Development of nocturnal respiratory disturbance in untreated patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest 1993;104:340-343. PMID:
8339616.
21. Oksenberg A, Silverberg DS, Arons E, Radwan H. Positional vs nonpositional obstructive sleep apnea patients: anthropomorphic, nocturnal polysomnographic, and multiple sleep latency test data. Chest 1997;112:629-639. PMID:
9315794.
22. Cao J, Que C, Wang G, He B. Effect of posture on airway resistance in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome by means of impulse oscillation. Respiration 2009;77:38-43. PMID:
18216458.
23. Kim T, Lee CS, Lee SD, Kang SH, Han JW, Malhotra A, et al. Impacts of comorbidities on the association between arterial stiffness and obstructive sleep apnea in the elderly. Respiration 2015;89:304-311. PMID:
25790940.
24. Lee SD, Ju G, Choi JA, Kim JW, Yoon IY. The association of oxidative stress with central obesity in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2012;16:511-517. PMID:
21614576.
25. Kales A, Rechtschaffen A. A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. Washington: US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, Neurological Information Network; 1968.
26. Quan S, Gillin JC, Littner M, Shepard J. Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research. editorials. Sleep 1999;22:662-689. PMID:
10577171.
27. Young T, Shahar E, Nieto FJ, Redline S, Newman AB, Gottlieb DJ, et al. Predictors of sleep-disordered breathing in community-dwelling adults: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:893-900. PMID:
11966340.
28. Newman AB, Nieto FJ, Guidry U, Lind BK, Redline S, Pickering TG, et al. Relation of sleep-disordered breathing to cardiovascular disease risk factors: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154:50-59. PMID:
11434366.
29. Araz O, Yilmazel Ucar E, Dorman E, Bayraktutan Z, Yayla M, Yilmaz N, et al. Is there a relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity and nesfatin-1? Respiration 2015;90:105-110. PMID:
26088934.
30. Lindberg E, Elmasry A, Gislason T, Janson C, Bengtsson H, Hetta J, et al. Evolution of sleep apnea syndrome in sleepy snorers: a population-based prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:2024-2027. PMID:
10351957.
31. Pendlebury ST, Pepin JL, Veale D, Levy P. Natural evolution of moderate sleep apnoea syndrome: significant progression over a mean of 17 months. Thorax 1997;52:872-878. PMID:
9404374.
32. Horner RL, Innes JA, Murphy K, Guz A. Evidence for reflex upper airway dilator muscle activation by sudden negative airway pressure in man. J Physiol 1991;436:15-29. PMID:
2061830.
33. Edström L, Larsson H, Larsson L. Neurogenic effects on the palatopharyngeal muscle in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a muscle biopsy study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:916-920. PMID:
1431955.
34. Onal E, Lopata M. Periodic breathing and the pathogenesis of occlusive sleep apneas. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;126:676-680. PMID:
7125360.
35. Fleetham JA. Upper airway imaging in relation to obstructive sleep apnea. Clin Chest Med 1992;13:399-416. PMID:
1521409.
36. Grunstein RR. Sleep apnoea--evolution and doubt. Eur Respir J 1994;7:1741-1743. PMID:
7828677.
37. Cartwright RD. Effect of sleep position on sleep apnea severity. Sleep 1984;7:110-114. PMID:
6740055.
38. Phillips BA, Okeson J, Paesani D, Gilmore R. Effect of sleep position on sleep apnea and parafunctional activity. Chest 1986;90:424-429. PMID:
3743157.
39. Brown IB, McClean PA, Boucher R, Zamel N, Hoffstein V. Changes in pharyngeal cross-sectional area with posture and application of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;136:628-632. PMID:
3307568.
40. Yildirim N, Fitzpatrick M, Whyte K, Jalleh R, Wightman A, Douglas N. The effect of posture on upper airway dimensions in normal subjects and in patients with the sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;144:845-847. PMID:
1928960.